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Home‎ > ‎ science and quran For Urdu Users : Science_Aor_Islam Science_And_Islam "Behold! In the creation of heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day, there are indeed Signs for men of understanding." [Aale Imran 3:190] Introduction Currently we do not have any integrated curriculum or textbooks for teaching science from an Islamic perspective. The use of secular texts for this purpose is far from harmless. They provide an image of the world that came into being and is working all by itself without the Creator or Sustainer. They celebrate the achievements of man instead of reflecting on the Creations of Allah and noting the extremely limited knowledge of man. They also promote conjectures or wild guesses or articles of faith (like evolution) as fact. With their facts and opinions so thoroughly mixed that it is impossible to separate them, the students are apt to be influenced by the secular beliefs without even realizing it. Some Muslim parents and educators who have realized the problem have found themselves forced to use the Christian textbooks, like those produced by the Bob Jones University, as currently there is no alternative. We do not recommend their books, since we have not surveyed all the existing books and because teaching it without caution may be problematic in some areas. However if you have decided to use that book, here is some helpful material that will make the job of adapting it for a Muslim classroom easier. Listed below are Qura'nic verses appropriate for major chapters that will replace the Bible verses included in a Science book for Christian schools. The chapter number reference is to the Science 5 book from Bob Jones University in the U.S. However others could use these verses in connection with any other textbook based on the subject matter. We recommend that discussion of each chapter should be begun by having the students recite the actual verses in Arabic and then read the translation. The teacher should then explain the relevance of the verse to the subject matter. Emphasize that as Muslims we look at the universe as the creation of Allah and our study of science shows us the Signs of Allah and increases our faith. Students may be encouraged to memorize the verses with translation by giving them extra credit for this effort. We hope Muslim Home Schoolers and Muslim School teachers will find this selection useful. If you find any errors or have suggestions for improvement, please forward to us. Oceans (Chapter 2) "Nor are the two bodies alike, the one palatable, sweet, and pleasant to drink, and the other salt and bitter. Yet from each kind of water do you flesh and tender, and you extract ornaments to wear; and you see the Ships there in that plough the waves, that you may seek of the bounty of Allah, that you may be grateful." [Al-Fatir 35:12] Fresh water springs in the Sea (p. 24) "He has let free the two seas meeting together: Between is a Barrier which they do not transgress. Then which of the favors of your lord will you deny." [Al-Rahman 55:19-21] Winds at sea (p. 24) "He it is Who enables you to traverse through land and sea; till when you even board ships; - they sail with them with a favorable wind, and they rejoice thereat; then comes a stormy wind and the waves come to them from all sides, and they think they are being overwhelmed: They pray unto Allah, sincerely offering (their) duty to Him, saying "If You do deliver us from this, we shall truly show our gratitude."[Al-Yunus 10:22] Wind (Chapter 3) "It is He Who sends the winds like heralds of glad tidings, going before His Mercy." [Al-Araf 7:57] Trade Winds (p. 51) "And among His signs are the ships, smooth running through the ocean, tall as mountains. If it be His will, He can still the Wind; then would they become motionless on the back of the (ocean). Verily In this are Signs for every one who patiently perseveres and is grateful." [Al-Shura 42:32-33] Flight (Chapter 5) "Do they not look at the birds held poised in the midst of the sky? Nothing holds them up but the power of Allah. Verily in this are signs for those who believe." [Al-Nahl 16:79] "Do they not observe the birds above them, spreading their wings and folding them in? None can uphold them except the Most Gracious. Truly it is He Who watches over all things." [Al-Mulk 67:19] Sun (Chapter 7) "And He has made subject to you the sun and the moon. Both diligently pursuing their courses. And the night and the day has He also made subject to you." [Al-Ibrahim 14:33] "It is He who made the sun to be a shining glory and the moon to be a light of beauty, and measured out stages for it, that you might know the number of years and count of time. Nowise did Allah create this but in truth and righteousness. Thus does He explain His Signs in detail for those who know." [Al-Yunus 10:5] The Travelling Sun (p. 127) "It's not permitted to the sun to catch up the moon nor can night outstrip the day each just swims around in its own orbit." [Al-Yasin 36:40] Plants (Chapter 10) "It is Allah Who causes the seed-grain and the date-stone to split and sprout. He causes the living to issue from the dead. And He's the one to cause dead to issue from the living. That is Allah; Then how are you deluded away from the truth?" [Al-Ana'm 6:95] Breeding (p. 180) "And in the earth are tracts neighboring, and gardens of vines and fields sown with corn, and palm trees-growing out of single roots or otherwise: Watered with the same water, yet some of them We make more excellent than others to eat. Behold, verily in these things there are Signs for those who understand." [Al-R'ad 13:4] Animal Reproduction (Chapter 11) "And of everything We have created pairs, that you may reflect." [Al-Zariyat 51:49] "And cattle he has created for you: From them you derive warmth, and numerous benefits, and of their meat you eat. And you have sense of pride and beauty in them as you drive them home in the evening, and as you lead them forth to pasture in the morning. And they carry your heavy loads to lands that you could not reach except with souls distressed: for your Lord is indeed Most Kind, Most Merciful. And He has created horses, mules, and donkeys, for you to ride and as an adornment; and He has created other things of which you have no knowledge." [Al-Nahl 16:5-8] Death (p. 184) "He Who created Death and Life that He may try which of you is best in deed: And He is Exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving" [Al-Mulk 67:2] Tracks (Chapter 12) "And Allah has created every animal from water: Of them there are some that creep on their bellies; some that walk on two legs; and some that walk on four. Verily Allah creates what He wills; for verily Allah has power over all things." [Al-Nur 24:45] Scientists' Comments On The Qur'an Keith L. Moore Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Toronto. Distinguished embryologist and the author of several medical textbooks, including Clinically Oriented Anatomy (3rd Edition) and The Developing Human (5th Edition, with T.V.N. Persaud). Investigations in to the 'alaqa or leech-like stage. Dr. Moore was a former President of the Canadian Association of Anatomists, and of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists. He was honoured by the Canadian Association of Anatomists with the prestigious J.C.B. Grant Award and in 1994 he received the Honoured Member Award of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists "for outstanding contributions to the field of clinical anatomy." "For the past three years, I have worked with the Embryology Committee of King cAbdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, helping them to interpret the many statements in the Qur'an and Sunnah referring to human reproduction and prenatal development. At first I was astonished by the accuracy of the statements that were recorded in the 7thcentury AD, before the science of embryology was established. Although I was aware of the glorious history of Muslim scientists in the 10th century AD, and some of their contributions to Medicine, I knew nothing about the religious facts and beliefs contained in the Qur'an and Sunnah."[2] At a conference in Cairo he presented a research paper and stated: "It has been a great pleasure for me to help clarify statements in the Qur'an about human development. It is clear to me that these statements must have come to Muhammad from God, or Allah, because most of this knowledge was not discovered until many centuries later. This proves to me that Muhammad must have been a messenger of God, or Allah." [1] Professor Moore also stated that: "...Because the staging of human embryos is complex, owing to the continuous process of change during development, it is proposed that a new system of classification could be developed using the terms mentioned in the Qur'an and Sunnah. The proposed system is simple, comprehensive, and conforms with present embryological knowledge. "The intensive studies of the Qur'an and Hadith in the last four years have revealed a system of classifying human embryos that is amazing since it was recorded in the seventh century A.D... the descriptions in the Qur'an cannot be based on scientific knowledge in the seventh century..."[1] E. Marshall Johnson Professor and Chairman of the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Director of the Daniel Baugh Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.   Author of over 200 publications. Former President of the Teratology Society among other accomplishments. Professor Johnson began to take an interest in the scientific signs in the Qur'an at the 7th Saudi Medical Conference (1982), when a special committee was formed to investigate scientific signs in the Qur'an and Hadith. At first, Professor Johnson refused to accept the existence of such verses in the Qur'an and Hadith. But after a dicussuion with Sheikh Zindani he took an interest and concentrated his research on the internal as well as external development of the fetus. "...in summary, the Qur'an describes not only the development of external form, but emphasises also the internal stages, the stages inside the embryo, of its creation and development, emphasising major events recognised by contemporary science." "As a scientist, I can only deal with things which I can specifically see. I can understand embryology and developmental biology. I can understand the words that are translated to me from the Qur'an. As I gave the example before, if I were to transpose myself into that era, knowing what I do today and describing things, I could not describe the things that were described... I see no evidence to refute the concept that this individual Muhammad had to be developing this information from some place... so I see nothing here in conflict with the concept that divine intervention was involved in what he was able to write..." [1] T.V.N. Persaud Professor of Anatomy, and Professor of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Author and editor of over 20 books, and has published over 181 scientific papers. Co-author of The Developing Human (5th Edition, with Keith L. Moore). He received the J.C.B. Grant Award in 1991. Professor Peraud presented several research papers. "It seems to me that Muhammad was a very ordinary man, he couldn't read, didn't know how to write, in fact he was an illiterate... We're talking about 1400 years ago, you have some illiterate person making profound statements that are amazingly accurate, of a scientific nature... I personally can't see how this could be mere chance, there are too many accuracies and like Dr. Moore, I have no difficulty in my mind reconciling that this is a divine inspiration or revelation which lead him to these statements."[1] Joe Leigh Simpson Professor and Chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. He is the President of the American Fertility Society. He has received many awards, including the Association of Professors of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Public Recognition Award in 1992. Like many others, Professor Simpson was taken by surprise when he discovered that the Qur'an and Hadith contain verses related to his specialised field of study. When he met with Sheikh Abdul-Majeed A.Zindani, he insisted on verifying the text presented to him from the Qur'an and Hadith. "... these Hadiths (sayings of Muhammad) could not have been obtained on the basis of the scientific knowledge that was available at the time of the 'writer'... It follows that not only is there no conflict between genetics and religion (Islam) but in fact religion (Islam) may guide science by adding revelation to some of the traditional scientific approaches... There exist statements in the Qur'an shown centuries later to be valid which support knowledge in the Qur'an having been derived from God." [1] Gerald C. Goeringer Professor and Co-ordinator of Medical Embryology in the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA. Sheikh cAbdul-Majeed A.Zindani met with Professor Goeringer and asked him whether in the history of embryology was there any mention of the different stages of embryonic development, or whether there existed any embryological texts at the time of the Prophet. Sheikh Zindani also asked his opinion regarding the terms the Qur'an uses to describe the different phases of fetal development. After several long discussions, he presented a study at the 8th Saudi Medical Conference: "...In a relatively few ayahs (Qur'anic verses) is contained a rather comprehensive description of human development from the time of commingling of the gametes through organogenesis. No such distinct and complete record of human development such as classification, terminology, and description existed previously. In most, if not all instances, this description antedates by many centuries the recording of the various stages of human embryonic and fetal development recorded in the traditional scientific literature." [1] Alfred Kroner Professor of the Department of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Germany. Professor Kroner is one of the world's most famous geologists, becoming well known among his colleague scientists for his criticisms against the theories of some of the major scientists in his field. Sheikh cAbdul-Majeed A. Zindani met with him and presented several Qur'anic verses andHadith which he studied and commented upon. "Thinking where Muhammad came from... I think it is almost impossible that he could have known about things like the common origin of the universe, because scientists have only found out within the last few years with very complicated and advanced technological methods that this is the case." "Somebody who did not know something about nuclear physics 1400 years ago could not, I think, be in a position to find out from his own mind for instance that the earth and the heavens had the same origin, or many others of the questions that we have discussed here... If you combine all these and you combine all these statements that are being made in the Qur'an in terms that relate to the earth and the formation of the earth and science in general, you can basically say that statements made there in many ways are true, they can now be confirmed by scientific methods, and in a way, you can say that the Qur'an is a simple science text book for the simple man. And that many of the statements made in there at that time could not be proven, but that modern scientific methods are now in a position to prove what Muhammad said 1400 years ago." [1] Yushidi Kusan Director of the Tokyo Observatory, Tokyo, Japan. Sheikh Abdul-Majeed A. Zindani presented a number of Qur'anic verses describing the beginnings of the universe and of the heavens, and the relationship of the earth to the heavens. He expressed his astonishment, saying that the Qur'an describes the universe as seen from the highest observation point, everything is distinct and clear. "I say, I am very much impressed by finding true astronomical facts in Qur'an, and for us modern astronomers have been studying very small piece of the universe. We have concentrated our efforts for understanding of very small part. Because by using telescopes, we can see only very few parts of the sky without thinking about the whole universe. So by reading Qur'an and by answering to the questions, I think I can find my future way for investigation of the universe." [1] Professor Armstrong Professor Armstrong works for NASA and is also Professor of Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. Prof. Armstrong was asked a number of questions about Qur'anic verses dealing with his field of specialisation. He was eventually asked, "You have seen and discovered for yourself the true nature of modern Astronomy by means of modern equipment, rockets, and satellites developed by man. You have also seen how the same facts were mentioned by the Qur'an fourteen centuries ago. So what is your opinion?" "That is a difficult question which I have been thinking about since our discussion here. I am impressed at how remarkably some of the ancient writings seem to correspond to modern and recent Astronomy. I am not a sufficient scholar of human history to project myself completely and reliably into the circumstances that 1400 years ago would have prevailed. Certainly, I would like to leave it at that, that what we have seen is remarkable, it may or may not admit of scientific explanation, there may well have to be something beyond what we understand as ordinary human experience to account for t